Google enters race for nuclear fusion technology

Google and a leading nuclear fusion company have developed a new computer algorithm which has significantly speeded up experiments on plasmas, the ultra-hot balls of gas at the heart of the energy technology.

Tri Alpha Energy, which is backed by Microsoft co-founder Paul Allen, has raised over $500m (£383m) in investment. It has worked with Google Research to create what they call the Optometrist algorithm. This enables high-powered computation to be combined with human judgement to find new and better solutions to complex problems.

Nuclear fusion, in which atoms are combined at extreme temperatures to release huge amounts of energy, is exceptionally complex. The physics of nuclear fusion involves non-linear phenomena, where small changes can produce large outcomes, making the engineering needed to suspend the plasma very challenging.

“The whole thing is beyond what we know how to do even with Google-scale computer resources,” said Ted Baltz, at the Google Accelerated Science Team. So the scientists combined computer learning approaches with human input by presenting researchers with choices. The researchers choose the option they instinctively feel is more promising, akin to choosing the clearer text during an eye test.

“We boiled the problem down to ‘let’s find plasma behaviours that an expert human plasma physicist thinks are interesting, and let’s not break the machine when we’re doing it’,” said Baltz. “This was a classic case of humans and computers doing a better job together than either could have separately.”

Working with Google enabled experiment’s on Tri Alpha Energy’s C2-U machine to progress much faster, with operations that took a month speeded up to just a few hours. The algorithm revealed unexpected ways of operating the plasma, with the research published on Tuesday in the journal Scientific Reports. The team achieved a 50% reduction in energy losses from the system and a resulting increase in total plasma energy, which must reach a critical threshold for fusion to occur.

“Results like this might take years to solve without the power of advanced computation,” said Michl Binderbauer, president and chief technology officer at Tri Alpha Energy. He said the company was aiming to produce electricity within a decade and Tri Alpha Energy recently added former US energy secretary Ernest Moniz to its board of directors.

The C-2U machine ran an experiment every eight minutes. This involved blasting plasma with a beam of hydrogen atoms to keep it spinning in a magnetic field for up to 10 milliseconds. The aims was to see if it behaved as theory predicts and is a promising route to a fusion reactor that generates more energy than it consumes.

The Optometrist algorithm enabled the researchers to discover a configuration in which the hydrogen beam completely balanced the cooling losses, meaning the total energy in the plasma actually went up after formation. “It was only for about two milliseconds, but still, it was a first!” said Baltz. 

Read more https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/jul/25/google-enters-race-for-nuclear-fusion-technology

Courtesy of Guardian News & Media Ltd